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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Lyssavirus</i></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="infobox float-right taxobox" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Virus" style="max-width:300px;">
<tbody><tr>
<th><i>Lyssavirus</i>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
<p>Tollwut-Viren in einer Zelle, <a href="Elektronenmikroskop" title="Elektronenmikroskop">Elektronenmikroskop</a>.
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Virus-Taxonomie" title="Virus-Taxonomie">Systematik</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><i><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Klassifikation</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Viren" title="Viren">Viren</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Realm_(Virologie)" title="Realm (Virologie)">Realm</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_Akabane_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35_Akabane-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie)">Reich</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_Akabane_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35_Akabane-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Phylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylum">Phylum</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Negarnaviricota" title="Negarnaviricota">Negarnaviricota</a></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Phylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylum">Subphylum</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Haploviricotina</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Monjiviricetes</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales">Mononegavirales</a></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Rhabdoviridae" title="Rhabdoviridae">Rhabdoviridae</a></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Lyssavirus</i>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Taxonomische Merkmale
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><a href="Genom" title="Genom">Genom</a>:
</td>
<td><a href="Polarit%C3%A4t_(Virologie)" title="Polarität (Virologie)">(−)ssRNA</a> linear unsegmentiert
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Baltimore-Klassifikation" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore-Klassifikation">Baltimore</a>:
</td>
<td>Gruppe 5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Kapsid" title="Kapsid">Symmetrie</a>:
</td>
<td><a href="Kapsid#Helikale_Symmetrie" title="Kapsid">helikal</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Virush%C3%BClle" title="Virushülle">Hülle</a>:
</td>
<td>vorhanden
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="taxo-name"><span lang="en"><i>Lyssavirus</i></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Links
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class=" toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">ICTV</a> Taxon History:</span>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=201901721">201901721</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> Taxonomy:
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=11286">11286</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="ViralZone" class="mw-redirect" title="ViralZone">ViralZone</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(<a href="Expasy" title="Expasy">Expasy</a>, <a href="Swiss_Institute_of_Bioinformatics" title="Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics">SIB</a>):</span>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/22">22</a>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Lyssavirus</b></i> ist eine <a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a> von <a href="Viren" title="Viren">Viren</a>, die zu der <a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a> <i><a href="Rhabdoviridae" title="Rhabdoviridae">Rhabdoviridae</a></i> in der <a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a> <i><a href="Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales">Mononegavirales</a></i> gehört. Ein bekannter Vertreter dieser Gattung ist das <a href="Rabiesvirus" title="Rabiesvirus">Rabiesvirus</a>, welches die <a href="Tollwut" title="Tollwut">Tollwut</a> auslöst.
</p><p>Lyssaviren besitzen einzelsträngige <a href="RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a> mit <a href="Polarit%C3%A4t_(Virologie)" title="Polarität (Virologie)">negativer Polarität</a> als Genom.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struktur">Struktur</h2></div>
<p>Lyssaviren haben eine <a href="Helix" title="Helix">helikale</a> Symmetrie, die <a href="Virion" title="Virion">Virionen</a> haben eine zylindrische Gestalt. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu anderen Viren, die den Menschen befallen.
</p><p>Lyssaviren haben eine längliche Gestalt, besitzen eine <a href="Virush%C3%BClle" title="Virushülle">Virushülle</a> mit so genannten „<a href="Peplomer" title="Peplomer">Spikes</a>“ (Ausstülpungen). Unterhalb der Hülle ist eine Schicht aus <a href="Matrixprotein" title="Matrixprotein">Matrixprotein</a>, welche den Kern des <a href="Virion" title="Virion">Viruspartikels</a> (Virions) aus helikalem <a href="Ribonukleoprotein" title="Ribonukleoprotein">Ribonukleoprotein</a> bedeckt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genotypen">Genotypen</h2></div>
<p>Lyssaviren werden herkömmlich in insgesamt sieben <a href="Genotyp" title="Genotyp">Genotypen</a> klassifiziert. Diese sieben Genotypen werden in zwei Phylogruppen unterteilt:
</p>
<ul><li>Phylogruppe 1</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Genotyp 1: <a href="Rabiesvirus" title="Rabiesvirus">Rabiesvirus</a> (RABV). Dieses Virus ist das klassische Tollwutvirus.</li>
<li>Genotyp 4: Duvenhage-Virus (DUVV)</li>
<li>Genotyp 5: Europäisches Fledermaus-Lyssavirus = <i><span lang="en">European bat lyssavirus</span></i> (EBLV 1)</li>
<li>Genotyp 6: Europäisches Fledermaus-Lyssavirus = <i><span lang="en">European bat lyssavirus</span></i> (EBLV 2)</li>
<li>Genotyp 7: Australisches Fledermaus-Lyssavirus = <i><span lang="en">Australian bat lyssavirus</span></i> (ABLV)</li></ul></dd></dl>
<ul><li>Phylogruppe 2</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Genotyp 2: <a href="Lagos-Fledermausvirus" title="Lagos-Fledermausvirus">Lagos-Fledermausvirus</a> = <i><span lang="en">Lagos bat virus</span></i> (LBV)</li>
<li>Genotyp 3: <a href="Mokola-Virus" title="Mokola-Virus">Mokola-Virus</a> (MOKV)</li></ul></dd></dl>
<p>Die Gruppe 1 enthält die Genotypen 1, 4, 5, 6, und 7, während die Gruppe 2 die Genotypen 2 und 3 enthält. Ausgenommen Genotyp 2, sind bei allen anderen oben aufgezählten Genotypen Tollwutfälle beim Menschen beschrieben. Zur Analyse wurde das Glykoprotein G genommen, da dieses als Antigen relevant ist. Diese Erkenntnis erklärt auch, wieso Impfstoffe gegen das <i><a href="Rabiesvirus" title="Rabiesvirus">Rabiesvirus</a></i> (Typ 1) nicht gegen Viren der Gruppe 2 wirksam sind.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11238853_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11238853-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Vier weitere Genotypen wurden beschrieben, dies sind <i><span lang="en">Aravan Virus</span></i> (1991), <i><span lang="en">Khujand virus</span></i> (2001), <i><span lang="en">West Caucasian bat lyssavirus</span></i> (2002), und <i><span lang="en">Irkut virus</span></i> (2002).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15896400_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15896400-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomie">Taxonomie</h2></div>
<p>Die Gattung <i>Lyssavirus</i> besteht nach <a href="International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">ICTV</a> mit Stand November 2018 <a href="Taxonomie" title="Taxonomie">taxonomisch</a> aus den folgenden 16 Spezies:<sup id="cite_ref-MSL33_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSL33-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>Genus <i>Lyssavirus</i></li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Spezies Aravan-Lyssavirus (en. <i><span lang="en">Aravan lyssavirus</span></i>, früher <i><span lang="en">Aravan Virus</span></i>, ARAV)</li>
<li>Spezies Australisches Fledermaus-Lyssavirus (en. <i><span lang="en">Australian bat lyssavirus</span></i>, ABLV)</li>
<li>Spezies Bokeloh-Fledermaus-Lyssavirus (en. <i><span lang="en">Bokeloh bat lyssavirus</span></i>, BBLV)</li>
<li>Spezies Duvenhage-Virus (en. <i><span lang="en">Duvenhage lyssavirus</span></i>, DUVV)</li>
<li>Spezies Europäisches Fledermaus-Lyssavirus 1 (en. <i><span lang="en">European bat 1 lyssavirus</span></i>, EBLV 1)</li>
<li>Spezies Europäisches Fledermaus-Lyssavirus 2 (en. <i><span lang="en">European bat 2 lyssavirus</span></i>, EBLV 2)</li>
<li>Spezies Gannoruwa-Fledermaus-Lyssavirus (en. <i><span lang="en">Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus</span></i>, GBLV)</li>
<li>Spezies Ikoma-Lyssavirus (en. <i><span lang="en">Ikoma lyssavirus</span></i>, IKOV)</li>
<li>Spezies Irkut-Lyssavirus (en. <i><span lang="en">Irkut lyssavirus</span></i>, früher <i><span lang="en">Irkut virus</span></i>, IRKV)</li>
<li>Spezies Khujand-Lyssavirus (en. <i><span lang="en">Khujand lyssavirus</span></i>, früher <i><span lang="en">Khujand virus</span></i>, KHUV)</li>
<li>Spezies <a href="Lagos-Fledermausvirus" title="Lagos-Fledermausvirus">Lagos-Fledermausvirus</a> (en. <i><span lang="en">Lagos bat lyssavirus</span></i>, früher <i><span lang="en">Lagos bat virus</span></i>, LBV)</li>
<li>Spezies Lleida-Fledermausvirus (en. <i><span lang="en">Lleida bat lyssavirus</span></i>, LLEBV)</li>
<li>Spezies <a href="Mokola-Virus" title="Mokola-Virus">Mokola-Virus</a> (en. <i><span lang="en">Mokola lyssavirus</span></i>, MOKV)</li>
<li>Spezies <a href="Rabiesvirus" title="Rabiesvirus">Rabiesvirus</a> (en. <i><span lang="en">Rabies lyssavirus</span></i>, RABV)</li>
<li>Spezies Shimoni-Fledermausvirus (en. <i><span lang="en">Shimoni bat lyssavirus</span></i>, SHIBV)</li>
<li>Spezies Westkaukasisches Fledermausvirus (en. <i><span lang="en">West Caucasian bat lyssavirus</span></i>, früher <i><span lang="en">West Caucasian bat lyssavirus</span></i>, WCBV)</li></ul></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lyssavirus" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Lyssavirus">Wiktionary: Lyssavirus</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35_Akabane-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_Akabane_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_Akabane_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">ICTV: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=201850090">ICTV Taxonomy history: <i>Akabane orthobunyavirus</i></a>, EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL #35)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/8266"><i>ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2</i>.</a> MSL #34, März 2019</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pmid11238853-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid11238853_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Badrane H, Bahloul C, Perrin P, Tordo N: <cite style="font-style:italic">Evidence of two Lyssavirus phylogroups with distinct pathogenicity and immunogenicity</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">J. Virol.</cite> 75. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, April 2001, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3268–76</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.75.7.3268-3276.2001">10.1128/JVI.75.7.3268-3276.2001</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11238853?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11238853</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC114120/">PMC 114120</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lyssavirus&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+two+Lyssavirus+phylogroups+with+distinct+pathogenicity+and+immunogenicity&rft.au=Badrane+H%2C+Bahloul+C%2C+Perrin+P%2C+...&rft.date=2001-04&rft.doi=10.1128%2FJVI.75.7.3268-3276.2001&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=J.+Virol.&rft.pages=3268-76&rft.pmc=114120&rft.pmid=11238853&rft.volume=75.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pmid15896400-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15896400_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kuzmin IV, Hughes GJ, Botvinkin AD, Orciari LA, Rupprecht CE: <cite style="font-style:italic">Phylogenetic relationships of Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses within the Lyssavirus genus and suggested quantitative criteria based on the N gene sequence for lyssavirus genotype definition</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Virus Res.</cite> 111. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, Juli 2005, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>28–43</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.008">10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.008</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15896400?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15896400</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lyssavirus&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+relationships+of+Irkut+and+West+Caucasian+bat+viruses+within+the+Lyssavirus+genus+and+suggested+quantitative+criteria+based+on+the+N+gene+sequence+for+lyssavirus+genotype+definition&rft.au=Kuzmin+IV%2C+Hughes+GJ%2C+Botvinkin+AD%2C+...&rft.date=2005-07&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.virusres.2005.03.008&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Virus+Res.&rft.pages=28-43&rft.pmid=15896400&rft.volume=111.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-MSL33-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MSL33_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">ICTV</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190314023833/https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/7992">Master Species List 2018a v1</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> des <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftalk.ictvonline.org%2Ffiles%2Fmaster-species-lists%2Fm%2Fmsl%2F7992">Originals</a></span> vom 14. März 2019 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"></span></span></span> <b>Info:</b> Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.</small><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotmemento.invalid/https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/7992">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/7992">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/talk.ictvonline.org</span>, MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL #33)</span>
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